Biogas for Circular Economies in Cities

This book explores the potential of a city’s landfill organic waste as a substitute for fossil fuel in public transportation and other sectors. The circular economy research aims to minimize waste by reusing seemingly useless raw materials, and bio-energy production through innovation is key to solving some of the world’s most critical problems. This research book demonstrates that renewable energy is not only feasible in most cases but also brings positive changes to the economy, society, and environment from both micro and macro perspectives. Transforming the energy system toward clean technologies is essential for climate change mitigation strategies. Population growth and migration have increased the demand for transportation, resulting in higher fossil fuel consumption and greater environmental impact. As landfill airspace decreases, it is crucial to find better uses for waste generated within cities. The book covers research on the choice of technology, waste quantification, characterization, biochemical methane potential analysis, and the energetic value of waste, along with the preliminary design of bio-energy plants and initial cost estimates. It also addresses the development of smart waste management systems for bio-energy using IoT, Blockchain, and GIS. Readers will be introduced to various anaerobic digestion systems, including materials and design for biodigesters, biogas storage, upgrading, and digestate utilization. The book delves into waste characterization, analyzing its composition to make it suitable for digestion at landfills. Financial opportunities and projections are also discussed. Additionally, the book demonstrates the impact of IoT, blockchains, and GIS tools in visualizing, assessing, and understanding smart waste management systems for bio-energy production.